EIA · EIS · Appropriate Assessment · Monitoring

In Italy a state EIA takes a median of 2.7 years, and 21 in 100 end with a negative opinion.

Here is how we build your Environmental Impact Assessment, section by section: data measured from satellite and in the field, signed by ecologists.

  • 2,967projects in the MASE catalogue
  • 619EIAs concluded with a known outcome
  • 34EIA screenings concluded with a known outcome

Measured on 6 October 2026, MASE catalogue

EIA in numbers

How long it really takes, and how it ends.

From the "Projects and authorisations" catalogue built on the Environmental Assessments portal of MASE, the Italian Ministry of the Environment. Concluded procedures only: the green bar is the middle half of the cases, the line is the median.

  • Middle half (p25-p75)
  • Median
  • Mean
Unit

EIA

PNIEC-PNRR regime540 concluded

982 days2.7 years760-1,218 · mean 983

Ordinary regime97 concluded

1,087 days3.0 years827-1,376 · mean 1,178

PUA

PNIEC-PNRR regime48 concluded

1,191 days3.3 years1,010-1,383 · mean 1,178

Ordinary regime19 concluded

1,308 days3.6 years1,051-1,541 · mean 1,325

EIA screening

Ordinary regime24 concluded

287 days0.8 years178-400 · mean 302

PNIEC-PNRR regime12 concluded

249 days0.7 years230-270 · mean 249

Source: MASE Environmental Assessments portal, concluded procedures, analysis by XNatura. Measured on 6 October 2026.Procedures still open, often the longest ones, are not counted: the real median is higher.

Outcomes of concluded EIAs

619 procedures with a known outcome

71%
21%
8%
  • Positive with conditions
  • Negative
  • Positive without conditions

Outcomes of EIA screenings

34 procedures with a known outcome

62%
15%
23%
  • Excluded from the EIA
  • Referred to an EIA
  • Other outcomes
  • About 9 months to learn whether an EIA is neededThe median ordinary screening takes 287 days, the PNIEC-PNRR one 249. 62 screenings in 100 end with the project excluded from the EIA.
  • 3.0 years for an ordinary EIAMedian 1,087 days, and one case in four takes longer than 1,376 days. Under the PNIEC-PNRR regime the median is 982 days.
  • 71 EIAs in 100 come with conditionsThey are obligations to meet after the decree, often monitoring ones. More on that below.

Groups with fewer than 10 procedures are not shown.Explore every project

The report, page by page

The EIA, section by section.

The pages are real: they come from two of our reports for a solar plant, anonymised and published as examples (the site simulation for an EIA and the answer to the conditions of an appropriate assessment), plus a multi-site comparison for the alternatives. For each section: what the authority asks for, how we produce it and how much of it is automated.

How much is automated

  • Measured automatically
  • Worked out by the expert on our data
  • With a specialist partner

6 sections out of 15 measured automatically, 7 worked out by the expert on our data, 2 from the proponent or with a partner. Either way, an expert signs the document.

  1. Opening01 / 15

    Non-technical summary

    • Worked out by the expert on our data

    What the authority asks for

    A summary anyone can read: the project, the area, the expected effects and the measures, without jargon. It is the page the commission and the public read.

    How we produce it

    We take the key figures from the project and set them beside the baseline values measured on the site: land use, MSA, protected areas, risks. The expert writes the text and checks that every number has its source.

    • Proponent's data
    • XNatura baseline KPIs

    Signed by Ecologist

    The report's abstract: the natural context of the site, the change in MSA with the plant and the overall risk level.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 3 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  2. Planning framework02 / 15

    Planning framework and constraints

    • Worked out by the expert on our data

    What the authority asks for

    How the project relates to planning and constraints: protected areas, landscape and hydrogeological constraints, zoning instruments.

    How we produce it

    We compute the distances to protected areas, settlements and watercourses automatically: the table comes out of the data. The consistency check against each plan is the expert's, instrument by instrument.

    • Protected areas
    • River network
    • Regional plans

    Signed by Compliance expert

    The map of protected areas within 10 km of the site, names redacted, and the summary of the Locate phase: activities, dependencies and natural context.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 15 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  3. Project framework03 / 15

    Project description

    • Data from the proponent

    What the authority asks for

    The technical description of the project: size, technologies, construction, operation and decommissioning.

    How we produce it

    The project's data belong to the proponent and stay theirs: we use them. On this page the plant's perimeter and layout size the mitigation hedge along the 2,200 m of fence.

    • Proponent's data
    • Perimeter and layout
    • Mitigation strip

    Signed by Proponent

    Perimeter and layout of the solar plant: the map of the fenced area and the calculation of the plantable perimeter for the hedge.
    Ecological mitigation report for an appropriate assessment (VIncA)page 13 of 35 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  4. Alternatives04 / 15

    Site alternatives

    • Worked out by the expert on our data

    What the authority asks for

    A reasoned comparison of site and design alternatives, including the zero option.

    How we produce it

    We compare several sites on the same indicators. On this page, 27 sites of one company compared by ecological quality (MSA) and distance from protected areas. The reasoned choice stays with the expert.

    • Multi-site comparison
    • MSA
    • Distance from protected areas

    Signed by Ecologist

    The chart comparing the MSA of the control area of 27 sites with their distance from protected areas, with the priority sites highlighted.
    Multi-site biodiversity assessmentpage 5 of 8 · PDF in EnglishDownload the report
  5. Environmental framework05 / 15

    Soil and land use

    • Measured automatically

    What the authority asks for

    The state of the soil and the expected land take: current use, natural cover, sealing, organic carbon.

    How we produce it

    Land use and soil sealing on the site's perimeter, before and after the project, with the same legend and the same source on every map. Beside them, the MSA due to land use, on the site and in the control area.

    • Land use
    • Soil sealing
    • Before and after the project

    Signed by Agronomist

    Land use and imperviousness of the site before and after the plant, and the table of the MSA due to land use, on the site and in the control area.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 19 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  6. Environmental framework06 / 15

    Biodiversity

    • Measured automatically

    What the authority asks for

    The habitats, flora and fauna of the area and their sensitivity to the project.

    How we produce it

    We measure MSA (Mean Species Abundance) and its components: land use for animals and plants, fragmentation and disturbance from infrastructure, on the site and in the control area, against the sector benchmark. The report also lists the IUCN Red List species and the pollinator indicators.

    • MSA and its components
    • Fragmentation
    • IUCN species
    • Pollinators

    Signed by Ecologist

    Maps and values of MSA for animals and plants, fragmentation and disturbance from infrastructure, on the site and in the control area, with the benchmark.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 20 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  7. Environmental framework07 / 15

    Protected areas and Natura 2000

    • Measured automatically

    What the authority asks for

    The relation with Natura 2000 sites and other protected areas. It is the basis for deciding whether an appropriate assessment is needed.

    How we produce it

    We count the protected areas by distance band and find the nearest one: the figure comes out of the geographic calculation, not a manual search. In the published example the names are redacted.

    • Natura 2000 sites
    • Protected areas
    • Distance bands

    Signed by Natura 2000 expert

    Settlements, watercourses and protected areas by distance band from the site, names redacted, and the site's sensitivity to protected areas.
    Ecological mitigation report for an appropriate assessment (VIncA)page 8 of 35 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  8. Environmental framework08 / 15

    Water

    • Measured automatically

    What the authority asks for

    Surface and ground water bodies and flood risk.

    How we produce it

    We assess the water-related risks (drought, desertification, flood, aridity, water stress) today and under the SSP2 and SSP5 climate scenarios. Water bodies and river basin plan constraints are checked and cited by the expert.

    • Drought and aridity
    • Flood
    • SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios

    Signed by Climate and risk expert

    The table of water-related risks, each with today's class and the class under the SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 27 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  9. Environmental framework09 / 15

    Climate and risks

    • Measured automatically

    What the authority asks for

    The climate setting and the project's exposure to hazards: heat, drought, floods, landslides, wildfires, including in the coming decades.

    How we produce it

    The site's physical risks (climate, water, pollution, geophysical and biodiversity) rated from A (very low) to E (very high), today and under the IPCC SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios.

    • Risks rated A to E
    • IPCC SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios

    Signed by Climate and risk expert

    The list of physical risks assessed, by category, and the class of the climate change risk today and under the SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 26 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  10. Environmental framework10 / 15

    Landscape

    • Worked out by the expert on our data
    • With a specialist partner

    What the authority asks for

    The visual effect and the effect on the identity of the place: where the project can be seen from and how the view changes.

    How we produce it

    We provide the setting of the surroundings: high-detail land use, soil sealing and built-up surface, with its growth since 1985. Intervisibility and photomontages are done by a specialist partner: we do not have a visibility calculation of our own yet.

    • Satellite setting
    • Land use
    • Intervisibility: partner
    • Photomontages: partner

    Signed by Expert and partner

    High-detail land use of the surroundings with its macro-categories, and three maps of the same area: land use, imperviousness and built-up surface.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 14 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  11. Environmental framework11 / 15

    Noise and electromagnetic fields

    • With a specialist partner

    What the authority asks for

    Noise levels during construction and operation, electromagnetic fields and buffer zones.

    How we produce it

    They need specialist acoustic and electromagnetic models, signed by licensed technicians. They are not XNatura data and we do not pretend to measure them.

    • Acoustic model: partner
    • EMF and buffer zones: partner

    Signed by Specialist partner

    With a specialist partner

    A specialist partner's chapter

    The noise study and the electromagnetic field study are signed by licensed specialists. They are not XNatura data: we show no page of ours here because we do not have one.

    No XNatura page: a partner's chapter

  12. Impacts and measures12 / 15

    Impact matrix

    • Worked out by the expert on our data

    What the authority asks for

    For each component and each phase, the size of the impact on a reasoned scale.

    How we produce it

    For each indicator we compare the baseline with the scenario once the project is built and measure the difference: it is the numerical basis of the matrix. The classes and their reasons are assigned by the expert.

    • Baseline and scenario
    • Difference per indicator
    • Expert's classes

    Signed by Ecologist

    The site's KPIs before and after the plant with their difference, and the detail of the pollinator indicators in the two scenarios.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 23 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  13. Impacts and measures13 / 15

    Mitigation and compensation

    • Worked out by the expert on our data

    What the authority asks for

    Avoid first, then reduce, then compensate: concrete measures, with how their effect will be verified.

    How we produce it

    The expert proposes the measures and the platform simulates their effect on the same indicators. On this page: 150 nectar plants along the perimeter, 5 pollinator nest boxes and 5 information signs.

    • 150 nectar plants
    • Pollinator nest boxes
    • Simulated effect

    Signed by Ecologist

    The regeneration actions planned on the site, nectar plants, pollinator nest boxes and information signs, with sample signs and the monitoring device.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 32 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  14. Monitoring14 / 15

    Environmental monitoring plan

    • Measured automatically
    • Worked out by the expert on our data

    What the authority asks for

    What is measured before, during and after the works, with which methods, where and how often.

    How we produce it

    The plan is built on the baseline data and chooses the tools: on this page the comparison of Spectrum, Birdy and a camera trap for this site. Then sensors and Biodiversa surveys bring the evidence into the periodic reports.

    • Pre-construction
    • During construction
    • Post-construction
    • Field sensors

    Signed by Ecologist

    The three biomonitoring devices considered for the site, Spectrum, Birdy and a camera trap, each with its datasheet, and the reasoned choice.
    Pre- and post-construction simulation for an EIApage 33 of 40 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report
  15. Natura 200015 / 15

    Appropriate Assessment (Natura 2000)

    • Worked out by the expert on our data

    What the authority asks for

    Whether the project may affect a Natura 2000 site: screening and, if needed, an appropriate assessment of habitats and species.

    How we produce it

    We bring the data: nearby sites, habitats and species. The screening and the appropriate assessment are signed by a Natura 2000 expert. After the decree we answer the conditions one by one: on this page the first of five, the perimeter hedge of 11 native species with certified seed origin.

    • Nearby sites
    • Habitats and species
    • Screening
    • Appropriate assessment

    Signed by Natura 2000 expert

    The first condition, the perimeter hedge of eleven native species: its interpretation, the planting spacing and the species mix.
    Ecological mitigation report for an appropriate assessment (VIncA)page 19 of 35 · PDF in ItalianDownload the report

How the maps are made

From satellite to a finished map with its legend.

Every map in the report is computed on the perimeter of your site, with its source, date and legend.

  1. Satellites and datasets

    Open imagery and data, updated over time.

    • Copernicus Sentinel-2
    • Corine Land Cover
    • Copernicus Climate Data Store
  2. XNatura models

    Land use, MSA, pollinators, temperatures and risks, including under the IPCC climate scenarios.

    • Land use
    • MSA
    • Pollinators
    • SSP2 and SSP5 risks
  3. 200+ satellite layers

    Refreshed every week and computed on the same perimeter of the site.

  4. Finished map

    Map, legend, scale and source laid out for the report, with the caption the authority expects.

    • Legend
    • Source and date
    • Scale

Same area, three layers

Switch the layer, the perimeter stays put.

The three figures come from the example EIA report. Same area, same scale: that is how land use, imperviousness and built-up surface can be compared without redrawing anything.

Layer to show
The surroundings of the site, in a circle, coloured by land use: artificial, agricultural, natural, water and roads, with the legend.
The same surroundings coloured by soil imperviousness: impervious, semi-pervious and pervious, with the legend.
The same surroundings coloured by built-up surface, from very high to low, with the legend.
Figures from the example EIA report, page 14 of the PDF. Analysis by XNatura.
  • Satellite map: MSA (Mean Species Abundance)
    MSA (Mean Species Abundance)
  • Satellite map: Land Use
    Land Use
  • Satellite map: PA Relative Pollinator Abundance
    PA Relative Pollinator Abundance
  • Satellite map: Hydrogeological Risk
    Hydrogeological Risk
  • Satellite map: Aridity
    Aridity
  • Satellite map: Extreme Events
    Extreme Events
  • Satellite map: Natural Habitat Coverage
    Natural Habitat Coverage
  • Satellite map: Land Surface Temperature
    Land Surface Temperature
  • Satellite map: Protected Areas
    Protected Areas
  • Satellite map: Built-Up Surface
    Built-Up Surface

Indicator cards of the XNatura platform, from the site's Satellite maps page. The platform's satellite maps

In the field with Biodiversa

The satellite says where. The surveyor says what is there.

The Biodiversa app guides the surveyor in the field and sends every record, with its photo and position, straight into the report. No sheets to copy out, no photos without coordinates.

What the app does: pick one to see it on the phone

Transects drawn by tapping their vertices on the map, pins with photos and notes, sensor mounts. Offline too: everything syncs when the connection is back.

The coordinator drops the pins from the web and writes what to photograph. In the field the app says how many are left, leads from one to the next and, for cardinal photos, shows which way to point.

Each photo stays tied to its pin and site, with its GPS position: the next campaign shoots again from the same spot.

The model recognises the species from the photo, against a library of over 6,000 species. The expert validates.

From the Report Builder, "Capture with Biodiversa" opens the app already on the site: the photo becomes an observation and shows up in the report.

  1. FieldSurvey with the app
  2. CheckValidated by the expert
  3. DataCensus observations
  4. ReportThe record shows up in the report
A hand frames the white flowers of an umbellifer in a meadow with the Biodiversa app: the screen shows the species recognised.
A plant survey with Biodiversa.
A smartphone with the Biodiversa app framing a purple allium in a flower bed.
Assisted identification in the field.

Discover Biodiversa

The Nature Experts

The platform prepares the data. The expert signs.

An environmental impact study is not an export of maps: someone has to interpret them, take responsibility for every judgement and answer to the authority. A named professional does.

  1. 01PrepareMaps, indicators and tables from the platform
  2. 02InterpretThe expert reads the data on the ground and assesses the impacts
  3. 03SignProfessional responsibility for the document
  • 40+in-house nature, climate and ESG specialists
  • 7disciplines under one roof
  • UNI/PdR 179Italian biodiversity standard, project leader (2025)

Who works on a study

  • Ecologist

    Reads habitats and communities, sets up the surveys, assesses the sensitivity of the site and signs the environmental framework.

  • Botanist

    Flora and vegetation, protected species, pollinators and meadow strips, with verified identifications.

  • Zoologist

    Birds, bats, amphibians and mammals: survey campaigns, bioacoustics, camera traps.

  • Natura 2000 expert

    Screening and appropriate assessment of the habitats and species of the Directive annexes, site by site.

  • Study coordinator

    The professional who coordinates the document, takes responsibility for it and signs it before the authority.

The team's disciplines

  • Ecology & biodiversityBiologists, faunal zoologists, environmental engineers: baselines, surveys, camera traps, bioacoustics, telemetry.
  • Assessment, reporting & complianceESRS E4, BNG, SBTN, GRI, EIA/SEA, VIncA, BREEAM/LEED. Board- and authority-ready.
  • Agronomy & land useRegenerative agriculture, supply chains, land and vegetation management.
  • Data & remote sensingGIS, satellite analysis, IoT data, predictive models, digital twinning.
  • Climate & riskIPCC scenarios, physical risk, wildfire and water modelling per asset.
  • Strategy & deliveryNature strategy, action plans, green finance, stakeholder engagement, client training.
The XNatura and 3Bee team in front of the greenhouse at the headquarters
The XNatura and 3Bee team in front of the greenhouse at the headquarters. Photo from the Company page.

The XNatura team

After the decree: monitoring

The conditions are the beginning, not the end.

71 EIAs in 100 end with conditions. The monitoring plan turns them into repeatable measurements, year after year, with evidence ready for the authority.

Monitoring phase

Pre-construction

What is measured

  • Baseline of flora, birds and pollinators
  • Starting land use and natural cover
  • Zero point of temperature and hydrology

With which tools

  • Biodiversa surveys on transects and pins
  • Birdy and Spectrum installed for the season
  • Reference satellite maps

What you hand to the authority

  • Signed baseline report
  • Maps with legend and date
  • Protocol and position of the points

Change

What is measured

  • Land use with the plant and with the mitigation, in hectares and percent
  • Change in MSA and pollinators against pre-construction
  • Comparison with the control area

With which tools

  • Project layout and plan uploaded to the site (the developer's KML)
  • Simulation in three states: no plant, plant, plant with mitigation
  • Land use and sealing maps before and after

What you hand to the authority

  • Simulation report: baseline, simulation and change of every indicator
  • Mitigation sized on the change, with species and areas
  • The numeric basis for the impact matrix and the monitoring plan

Construction phase

What is measured

  • Disturbance to birds in the breeding season
  • Changes in cover and bare soil
  • Air quality on the construction site

With which tools

  • Birdy for birdsong, continuously
  • Sintropy Air air sensors
  • Camera traps on wildlife corridors

What you hand to the authority

  • Periodic reports on the thresholds met
  • Prompt notice of any deviation
  • Log of corrective actions

Post-construction

What is measured

  • Recovery of vegetation and meadow strips
  • Pollinators and birds against the baseline
  • Effectiveness of mitigation and compensation

With which tools

  • Spectrum for pollinators
  • Birdy and camera traps, continuously
  • Maps refreshed every week

What you hand to the authority

  • Annual report with year-on-year comparisons
  • Evidence for each condition
  • Data available on the platform

Maps refreshed every week

200+ satellite layers refreshed every week: the evidence for the authority is always the latest, not last year's.

Monitoring already public on the site

  • 200+projects
  • 12countries on 4 continents
  • 10,000+IoT sensors in the field
  • 200+satellite layers refreshed every week

Case studies already public on the site. They are field monitoring projects, not outcomes of EIA procedures.Transportation casesEnergy casesThe field sensors

Example reports

See what you receive: real reports, anonymised

Deliverables our experts signed for real clients, with names, places and coordinates removed. Pick one, leave your details and download the PDF straight away.

Your report is ready.

Open it now; a strategist may follow up if it fits a project of yours.

Choose a report

Leave your details and download the PDF

Use your company address: requests from a personal email are handled at info@3bee.com.

* required fields

The voice that guides you through the report

Ask, and the page takes you there.

A voice assistant always within reach, bottom right. Ask it about a section of the report, a figure or who signs what: it answers and brings the page to the right point.

  • It answers about this page: how long an EIA takes, the coverage labels, how we produce each section.
  • It walks you through the document: it scrolls to the section and highlights it while you keep talking.
  • If you want a first analysis of your site on the platform, it prepares it, and you open it on XNatura after signing in.
Try the voice

You can ask, for example

  • Take me to the Appropriate Assessment
  • How long does a screening take?
  • What does the chapter on noise and electromagnetic fields cover?
  • Who signs the study?
  • I'd like a first analysis of my site on the platform

Contact

An EIA or a screening to prepare?

Tell us about the project, the stage and the deadline. A named strategist replies within 24 working hours.

The example reportsReal reports, anonymised: the simulation of a site for an EIA and the answer to the conditions of an appropriate assessment.Choose and download

30 minutes with the XNatura team

Video call on Google Meet

Would you rather talk it through?

Either way you are speaking with an AI assistant, and the conversation is transcribed. How we handle your data

Tell us about your project

Request sent.

One of our strategists replies within 24 working hours. If you need us sooner, write to info@3bee.com.

Use your company address: requests from a personal email are handled at info@3bee.com.

Sites, sector, standard or deadline: whatever you have.

A reply within 24 hours from a named strategist.

* required fields

FAQ

Frequently asked questions on the EIA

How long does a state EIA take in Italy?

In the catalogue of the MASE Environmental Assessments portal, the median concluded EIA takes 982 days under the PNIEC-PNRR regime, about 2.7 years, and 1,087 days under the ordinary regime. Only procedures concluded with a start and a decision date are counted: those still open, often the longest, are not.

How many EIAs end with a negative opinion?

Of the 619 EIAs concluded with a known outcome, 21 in 100 were negative, 71 in 100 positive with conditions and 8 in 100 positive without conditions. Measured on 6 October 2026.

How long does an EIA screening take?

The median is 287 days under the ordinary regime and 249 days under the PNIEC-PNRR regime. Of the screenings concluded with a known outcome, 62 in 100 exclude the project from the EIA and 15 in 100 refer it to an EIA.

What do you prepare for an environmental impact study?

The environmental parts of the study: the baseline of the site measured from satellite and in the field (land use, biodiversity, protected areas and nearby Natura 2000 sites, water, climate and risks), the impact assessment, the mitigation and compensation measures and the monitoring plan. Every document is signed by an expert of the team.

Do you also handle the Appropriate Assessment (Natura 2000)?

Yes: we analyse the habitats and species of the Natura 2000 sites near the project and prepare the mitigation measures. Among the example reports you can download is the technical answer to the five conditions of an appropriate assessment for a solar plant.

Where do the numbers on this page come from?

From the "Projects and authorisations" catalogue that XNatura builds on the MASE Environmental Assessments portal and updates every day. Durations and outcomes are measured on concluded procedures, and no statistic is shown for a group of fewer than 10 procedures.

Talk to the voice assistant

Talk to an expert

Tell us about your sites and your next deadline. A named strategist replies within 24 hours.

Prefer a video call? Book 30 minutes with the team

Request sent.

One of our strategists replies within 24 working hours. If you need us sooner, write to info@3bee.com.

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